Instructions on How to Make a Gentle Soap

These are the instructions for making your own gentle hand or face soap. Its work, but worth the effort! This takes about 1 day to complete. Materials 4 kg (9 lb) suet (tallow)350 g (12 oz) lye750 ml (3 C) water500 ml (2 C) lemon juice7.5 ml (.25 oz) fragranceGlovesWooden spoonVentilated work areaMolds/glass baking dishes Instructions on How to Make Soap If you are using a pure fat, such as coconut oil or olive oil, you can skip stepping 5. Coconut oil yields a soft, quick-lathering soap. Olive oil and other vegetable cooking oils yield a soft soap that never completely hardens.Render the tallow by cutting it into chunks, placing it into the large pot, covering it, and heating on medium heat until it is melted. Stir occasionally.Cool the fat to below the boiling point of water. Add a volume of water equal to that of the fat. Bring the mixture to a boil. Cover and remove from heat. Let sit overnight.Remove the fat from the pot. Discard non-fat gunk (scrape it off of the bottom of the fat) and any liquid.Measure 2.75 kg rendered fat. Cut the fat into tennis-ball size chunks and place the pieces into a large bowl.Set up all of your materials. Ventilate the area (or work outside), put on safety gear, and open all containers.Make soap :-) Pour the water into a large glass or ceramic bowl (not metal). Carefully pour the lye into the bowl a nd mix the water and lye with the wooden spoon.The reaction between water and lye gives off heat (is exothermic) and vapors that you should avoid breathing. The spoon will be somewhat degraded by the lye.Once the lye is dissolved by the water, start adding the chunks of fat, a bit at a time. Keep stirring until the fat is melted. If necessary, add heat (put on a low burner with ventilation).Stir in the lemon juice and fragrance oil (optional). Once the soap is well mixed, pour it into molds. If you use glass baking dishes for molds, you can cut the soap into bars after it has become firmer (not hard).The soap will harden in approximately an hour.You may wrap the finished soap in clean cotton rags. It can be stored for 3-6 months in a cool, well-ventilated location.Wear gloves when washing your equipment, as there may be some unreacted lye remaining. Wash in very hot water to help melt away the residue. Useful Tips Adult supervision required! Wear gloves and protective eyewear and cover exposed skin to avoid accidental exposure to the lye. Keep out of reach of children!If you get lye on your skin, immediately wash it with lots of cold water. Read the cautions on the container before opening the lye.Dont measure the lye. Instead, adjust the soap recipe to accomodate the container size of the lye.Cooking oils are sensitive to air and light, and soap made from cooking oils will spoil in a few weeks unless it is refrigerated.Volatile fragrance oils or even dried herbs or spices may be added to the soap to scent it. The fragrance is optional.

Animal Rights and Laws - 2472 Words

Animal Rights The world has existed with the presence of both living and non-living matter. Human beings have been accorded the right of protection and preservation of the environment, where the animals belong. In essence, humanity is all about coexisting with animals and plants, together with the other non-living matter. With preference of human beings over animals, and with preference of animals over plants, every category higher than the other, is relinquishing the capacity to dominate and coexist with the higher authority. The world is evidently a home to both plants and animals, including the non-living matter. All animals are living. Moreover, all plants are living. The distinction between human beings and other animals has led to the establishment of a code of relationship and use which human beings has embraced over the years. Human beings have dominion over animals. This is in accordance with the innate characteristics and capabilities that human beings possess unlike other animals (Hargr ove 168). With respect to this, human beings have often used animals in assorted ways. The many ways that animals are beneficial to human beings has elicited concerns over the rights of animals. Because of this, there is an ethical relationship between plants and animals, together with animals and man. There is a philosophy that human beings are a dominant factor in the environment. Evidently, human beings have used and misused animals as part of the other facets found in theShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty Should Not Be A Big Deal1415 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Cruelty Almesha Jones (Mesha) Introduction and Background All around the world, people are abusing animals. Animal cruelty is a big deal because some people do not look at animals as being important; some people do not see a problem with hurting them. 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Spring and Summer Free Essays

I picked these two seasons, spring and summer because the both of these seasons are items I can compare and contrast, it seems much easier than the two items I picked before the two seasons, these seasons you can very well compare as in the similarities you can do with these two seasons and contrast as well as in the differences between these two seasons. I like both seasons because of what all you can do in these seasons. I go fishing a lot in spring and summer. We will write a custom essay sample on Spring and Summer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its two most popular seasons to go fishing, but you can also ice fish in the winter time. I know this because I like to fish a lot as a woman. Biking is another popular thing to do in the spring and summer. These seasons are very well in weather to pick to go picnicking and to have a lot of fun time with your family. The spring and summer time are the two seasons I most have fun in. The warm part of the spring time and summer, hot times, you can jet ski and have fun with your family or friends. These are the two seasons I love the most because they’re not cold. There are a lot of similarities you can do during the spring and summer time. There is more to do during these seasons, but there are differences between the two seasons. The differences between the two seasons are spring time is a warm time of the year and summer is a hot time of the year. You can’t swim in the spring like you can the summer time because the water is too cold in the spring time. You can ice fish though in the spring time, but not in the summer time, why? It’s still icy in the beginning of spring time and it’s too hot in the summer time. I love the summer time because you can swim most of the time and I like spring to, but not as much as summer because you can’t swim in the spring time. The water is still too cold, but it’s warm in the spring time to just not hot enough to swim all the time. In these two seasons there’re lots of differences, but I believe that there are a lot more similarities. When comparing two items you are showing how they are alike and contrasting you are showing how they’re different. When helping readers understand issues it’s useful to compare and contrast to get them to understand better. Making decisions, narrowing down choices, and evaluating options are also helpful in understanding. You may make a table of some kind or create a list to see what all the items picked have in common or don’t have in common, the differences. You don’t necessarily make the decision yourself or attempt to influence the reader one way or the other when in a comparison-and-contrast paper. Your paper will be a persuasive and a combination of expository writing if you do any of the above things. When I write a paper I like for my readers to enjoy what they are reading, so that they get into the story or paper. Now, we’ll go on to the two seasons that I picked for the reader to enjoy reading about the differences and similarities. Putting these two seasons together and comparing and contrasting them were very easy in some ways, but hard in other ways. I enjoyed comparing and contrasting these two seasons because the seasons are two seasons we all enjoy together especially my family and friends. Every year my family gets together and we have a big picnic in the summer time around the 4th of July and we have so much fun we never forget about the 4th of July. We get to have are fun, swimming, picnicking, and watching the fireworks at the end of the night. This time of year is the most fun for my family and me. In the spring time I get together with my boyfriend and some of his family members and we go fishing together every spring. Every spring is like a social gathering with the boyfriend’s parents and cousins, but we all have lots of fun fishing and then we go home and have our picnic outside. These are two seasons I will never forget because I do these things every year at the same time of year. In the winter and fall times it’s not as interesting for us because we aren’t kids no more, but I do have fun with my niece and nephew in the snow and leaves at that time of year, but even those two love the spring and summer time because we can go swimming and do lots of other fun things. Comparing and contrasting these two seasons was fun and interesting. It was easier than I thought to compare and contrast these two seasons. These two seasons are two of a kind and then two different ones to. I picked these two seasons, spring and summer because the both of these seasons are items I can compare and contrast, it seems much easier than the two items I picked before the two seasons, these seasons you can very well compare as in the similarities you can do with these two seasons and contrast as well as in the differences between these two seasons. How to cite Spring and Summer, Essay examples

Understand Engine Optimization Relevance †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understand Engine Optimization Relevance? Answer: Introduction: Internet is the market of information now-a-days. A webpage contained in a website, displays various set of information of different format like textual, graphical and audio-visual. Specific information of any organisation is displayed in specific web pages. A webpage needs to be optimized for better search engine result. People all over the world generally use some common and most famous search engines like Google to find out information. Better optimization places the website and the webpage higher than the other results. Google.com is the leading search engine in the world. From any country one can get information by accessing it via Google. Any organisation can submit its content to Google accepting the terms and condition. It is the general method for promotion of content or information now-a-days. For this discussion, a webpage www.jcu.edu.au is related with information technology of James Cook University is chosen that displays the content related to the IT Bachelor course in that university ("Bachelor of Information Technology", 2017). There is a requirement to improve the search engine optimization for the webpage and the Head of the IT department is in need of a 3 weeks ADWords marketing plan within the cost of $250. The purpose of this study is to understand the requirements and develop a perfect ADWords marketing plan within the budget for improved search engine optimization and Google ADWords campaign. A Business Profile: A webpage is a Hyper Text Mark-up Language formatted document that is displayed via website. It can be opened from an internet browser using specific URL address (Moreno Martinez, 2013). The contents of a webpage are certain information, different advertisements, links for file sharing to social networking sites and most of all an option for search. Webpage Overview: The second oldest public university in Queensland is James Cook University. The university has its campus and study centres in various cities of Australia. Undergraduate and post-graduate courses are offered by the Brisbane campus of this university to the international students. Courses offered to students are related with information technology, engineering, law, business, biomedical sciences, pharmacy, nursing, healthcare sciences, social work and some other. Research subjects of this university are associated with genetics and genomics, marine sciences, engineering and information technology, biodiversity and some other. Currently, number of domestic and international students of the university is approximately 15.273 and 6.886 respectively. Consisting over 5000 academic and non-academic staffs this university has proved to be a very profitable one as well-renowned on the basis of their research papers, published books and journals. The description of the university clearly describes its enormous structure and the requirement for a website can be easily understood. The university possess a website from where different information can be gathered (Carter, 2012). The website contains different portal for students and staff members. Institution description like history, statistics, campuses, annual report and university plans are given in specific web pages. University presents the information about its specific courses in the website along with services like application submission and support services. Fee and cost structures, scholarships and accommodations are also presented through the website. Details of their various staff section and alumni section are given in specific pages (Crawford-Ferre Wiest, 2012). Finally the website contains a search engine to ease the access of users. Potential customers of this business are students, both domestic and international. The university has developed its website to attract the attention of the students, for under-graduation and post-graduation courses. The website also shares information about scholarships, accommodation and facilities (McIntyre, 2015). The webpage for the course of bachelor in information technology has been designed for both Australian and international students. The benefits for having a well-built and information filled website are numerous (Skinner, 2016). Through different web pages an organisation can share its information and offerings specifically to its targeted audiences. Providing origin, history, statistics and annual report helps the viewers to develop a knowledge and trust about the organisation. Detailed information present in the website helps a user to enrich his or her knowledge of the subject or sometimes it may help a user to select between different subjects. The channel through which a user can apply for something online to the organisation, reduces the physical effort and saves time and cost. Having a website for education purposes helps an institution to become popular not only in domestic region, but also all over the world (Marshall, Rhodes Todd, 2014). Students can go through the information given in the portal and compare it with other websites to choose the best for them. Links of research papers, journals and boo ks are presented in the websites of an institution which helps a student in his studies. A student can get the information about cost structure, accommodations and other benefits from the website which quickens their time of choosing. Students and staffs of an institution also get various benefits from the website of the institution (Wilde et al., 2012). An institutional website often contains different portals for students, professors and staffs. They can communicate as well as get research materials through the portal. They can also view the results and rewards through the website (McKeever, 2016). SEO and User Friendliness: Optimization of search engine is known as SEO. Website ranking in search engine can be improved by following a definite set of rules for optimization. These rules are also used to make the website user friendly by providing ease of access and navigation (Sofronic, 2012). This optimization is very much essential for websites to gain competitive advantages as most of the search engines users prefer the top 5 results of search. The benefits of search engine optimization include high amount of search engine traffic and common framework for publishing contents. Search engine optimisation can be categorised into two parts, White hat SEO and Black hat SEO (Berman Katona, 2013). First one follows the concepts of search engine guidelines to improve the rankings in search engine results and the next one uses the algorithms that do not follow the guidelines. White hat SEO utilizes development of high quality content, reconstruct and optimization of website HTML, acquisition of high quality con tent campaign link and research manually (Killoran, 2013). Black hat SEO uses link spam, cloaking, hidden links and texts. A gradual improvement in search engine friendliness and website ranking can be achieved by it (Tutaj van Reijmersdal, 2012). Website of James Cook University is pretty user friendly however it can be still optimized a few level. A basic SEO audit helps a website owner to fix various elements that resulting in website unfriendliness (Shyam , Jagannathan Rajavel, 2013). This involves eliminating duplicate contents, creating a short URL like name of the website/subject matter, each and every page of the website should contain customizable title tags and including search engine to index web pages (Geddes, 2014). To increase the user friendliness the titles and headings of each web page needs to be descriptive and simple, without repeating keywords. Contents in web pages should be up-to date and involved with limited keywords. Excessive keywords that make file name huge must be avoided (McIntyre, 2015). Excessive page addition with no information should be avoided. Sending manual link requests to manually researched websites, paid directory submissions increases the value of the website. Linkable contents from different websites also increase the friendliness of a website (Tutaj van Reijmersdal, 2012). Certain pages of the Website of James Cook University contain repetitive contents. Course and study information are repeated in several pages (Yuan, Wang Zhao, 2013). Heading of the pages should be viewed more clearly. Excessive background should be avoided as an institutional site must contain more information and study materials rather than various graphical images not-regarding the studies (Weller Calcott, 2012). Search engine results for James Cook University is good but the applying some important SEO techniques mentioned above optimization can be done. Proposed ADWords Strategy: ADWords: In order to promote a new web page the best online advertising technique is ADWords. The technique is developed by Google, where paid advertisements are shown partly developed on keywords and partly on cookies (Marshall, Rhodes Todd, 2014). The payment methods associated with is pay-per-click, cost per action and cost per mile. Text advertisements in Google contains one headline of approximately 30 characters, 35 characters based two text lines and a display URL consisting approximately 40 characters (King, Abrahams, Ragsdale, 2015). A proper ADWords campaign can be developed applying certain step-by-step method. After signing up for an ADWords account at first the campaign type and campaign should be chosen properly. Next, the location has to be chosen where the ads will be displayed (Carter, 2012). Larger the targeted area, larger the payment cost. Bid strategy should be set as manual and maual payment and automatic payment must be done according to the daily budget. Ad Extensions should be ignored in the first week, however the second and third week can have Ad Extension added to the campaign objectives (Berman Katona, 2013). For better search ranking the headline should be aligned with campaign objective and within 25 characters. Benefits should be assigned in second line for better customer review. Promotion of ADWords: For promoting ADWords profitably, market analysis is the key factor. A 360 degree market review for the popularity of the product can be obtained from shopping insights consisting of heat maps and graphs. Obtained data help in ADWords campaign (Geddes, 2014). To become familiar with consumers searching habit Google Trends is an effective tool. In order to compare the performance metrics Google Benchmark tools are helpful (McKeever, 2016). ADWords Campaign of James Cook University: Customer demand and target audience is the first objective of the campaign. The specific webpage www.jcu.edu.au is related with information of the bachelor in information technology course ("Bachelor of Information Technology", 2017). Therefore, the target audience will be largely undergraduate students (Weller Calcott, 2012). According to the duration and study mode, the campaign needs to be divided in three parts. The 1st week campaign will be associated with 3 years full time study for domestic students, 2nd week campaign will be associated with off campus part time studies for domestic students and 3rd week will be associated with on campus full time studies for international studies. Hence forth the main objective is to set the keyword for the ADWords campaign (Shyam , Jagannathan Rajavel, 2013). The budget for three weeks is $250. This budget is divided into $100 1st week, $100 second week and $50 last week. Therefore the daily budget for the 1st two weeks becomes approximate ly $14.28 per week. According the market analysis the conversion rate of consumers must be estimated. Cost per click (CPC) is the payment process of the advertiser to the publisher (King, Abrahams, Ragsdale, 2015). The CPC bidding strategy is set according to the maximum cost-per-bid strategy. For this campaign, max CPC is $14 per day. Estimating a starting customer conversion rate of 20% max CPC is calculated according to the formula, Maximum CPC = {profit per customer} x {1 profit margin} x {rate of website conversation} (Sofronic, 2012). The target of the ADWords is to create more traffic from the targeted audience and to gain competitive advantage from the competitors in the basis of profit. Each click on ADWords costs the advertiser. Therefore the main target is to take care of that only the interested student clicks on the ad. In this case the attractive ads possessing a high click through rate (CTR) elevate the quality score of ADWords (Killoran, 2013). Headlines should be Apply to James Cook University. Description line 1 and 2 should contain Bachelor of Information Technology and Best Guidance and Environment Guaranteed. The structure of URL should be www.jcu.edu.au/information-technology/bachelor degree (Crawford-Ferre Wiest, 2012). Matching the objectives a landing page has to be created before the main web page. In order to start the campaign, tracking of conversion is must in order to know which keywords are generating sales (Yuan, Wang Zhao, 2013). For that condition, unique contacts have to be given. Negative keywords are blocked so that uninterested customers do not click on the ad ("Bachelor of Information Technology", 2017). Other course of the university has been placed in the negative keywords. An increase of keyword bid has been planned in case low ranking. Optimization of CTR and landing page with the help of Google analytics have been planned during the campaign. Conclusion: Hence, from the report it can be deduced that e-business plan is an innovative plan to promote a business profitably. The components of this promotional activity are search engine optimization and ADWords. The highest ranking a website or web page can achieve in a search engine result more benefit the marketer will achieve. The report is associated with the promotional activities of a new web page of James Cook University. The course of Bachelor of Information Technology has been developed for domestic students as well as international students. In order to spread the popularity of the institution among the students all over the world Google ADWords is the best network. Among the search engines Google is the most popular. Therefore promoting through Google is most beneficial. The budget for the 3 week ADWords campaign is $250. The domestic students are key elements of a university in that region; hence, more budgets should be allocated for domestic ad campaign. Proper designing of ev ery steps and keeping a back-up plan for raise in keyword bidding is an essential part of ADWords campaign, which has been followed here. References: Bachelor of Information Technology. (2017).Jcu.edu.au. Retrieved 9 September 2017, from https://www.jcu.edu.au/courses-and-study/courses/bachelor-of-information-technology Berman, R., Katona, Z. (2013). The role of search engine optimization in search marketing.Marketing Science,32(4), 644-651. Carter, J. A. (2012).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/551,600. Crawford-Ferre, H. G., Wiest, L. R. (2012). Effective online instruction in higher education.Quarterly Review of Distance Education,13(1), 11. Geddes, B. (2014).Advanced Google AdWords. John Wiley Sons. Killoran, J. B. (2013). How to use search engine optimization techniques to increase website visibility.IEEE transactions on professional communication,56(1), 50-66. King, M. A., Abrahams, A. S., Ragsdale, C. T. (2015). Ensemble learning methods for pay-per-click campaign management.Expert Systems with Applications,42(10), 4818-4829. Marshall, P., Rhodes, M., Todd, B. (2014).Ultimate Guide to Google AdWords. Entrepreneur Press. McIntyre, E. S. (2015). Search engine optimization.ON October,11. McKeever, M. (2016).How to write a business plan. Nolo. Moreno, L., Martinez, P. (2013). Overlapping factors in search engine optimization and web accessibility.Online Information Review,37(4), 564-580. Shyam, K. P., Jagannathan, S., Rajavel, M. (2013). A New Technique for Ranking Web Pages and Adwords.International Journal of Computer Applications,82(12). Skinner, D. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,311,662. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Sofronic, B. (2012). Search Engine Optimization. Tutaj, K., van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2012). Effects of online advertising format and persuasion knowledge on audience reactions.Journal of Marketing Communications,18(1), 5-18. Weller, B., Calcott, L. (2012).The Definitive Guide to Google AdWords: Create Versatile and Powerful Marketing and Advertising Campaigns. Apress. Wilde, T., Morton, K. D., Lobacheva, Y., Zinovieva, N., Meteer, M. (2012).U.S. Patent No. 8,312,022. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Yuan, S., Wang, J., Zhao, X. (2013, August). Real-time bidding for online advertising: measurement and analysis. InProceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Data Mining for Online Advertising(p. 3). ACM.

The Green Mile Essay Example For Students

The Green Mile Essay This movie is about an inmate, John Coffey, who has special healing powers. He is charged with killing 2 girls. While awaiting his execution he heals some kind of cancer from Tom Hanks character and heals the wardens wife who is gravely ill. He does this by touching them and then he coughs up the illness. He even heals a dead mice. After bringing back the mice, I assumed that he didnt kill the girls but instead was trying to bring them back to life. It ends up another inmate in the next cell killed them. He shows Toms character this by touching the other inmates hand then touching Toms hand.So the dilemma is whether to kill John or not. I think that John should not have been executed. There was no evidence that he did do this. We will write a custom essay on The Green Mile specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This takes place in a southern jail in times where black people werent widely accepted. They were able to take him out of prison the first time to heal the wardens wife so they couldve taken him out again. This guy saved two live. Morally they should have spared him. I would have spared his life. My conscience would not have allowed me to execute someone I knew was not guilty.

Land Use in Toronto essays

Land Use in Toronto essays In a country such as Jordan, honour is considered as important as wealth and must be protected at all costs. In the film Crimes of Honour we see the full repercussions of this creed as young women are murdered by family members in order to protect family honour. The crimes committed by these women include not agreeing to an arranged marriage, marrying the wrong person and even being raped. As a consequence of ancient tribal tradition and a lenient penal code, women are murdered in the name of honour, without fear of long-term incarceration or capital punishment. From the outset, the film recounts actual cases of honour killings in Jordan and highlights the narrow range of options available to these women who have brought so called dishonour to their families. The film in particular focuses on two cases, where young women have fled their homes in order to avoid an arranged marriage, however they eventually meet their fate as they are slain by family members. In Crimes of Honour, three prominent women in Jordan who are fighting to change both the social and legal acceptance of this type of crime critically discuss the issues of honour killings. In addition, the convicted brother of one of the slain girls in the film also gives valuable insight into the social reasoning behind honour killings in his society. In Islamic countries today there is a growing struggle between tradition and modern life. This difficult balancing act has forced young women in Islamic countries to choose between marrying a person they love and losing ones family. In an Islamic country such as Jordan it is considered inappropriate for men and women to have relationships outside the boundaries of marriage. Children from a very young age are taught not to socialize with the opposite sex and are therefore separated in grade school. In addition, society and religion stipulates that Muslim women must be covered ...

Final Paper Outline and Annotated Bibliography Coursework

Final Paper Outline and Annotated Bibliography - Coursework Example This section discusses the application of clinical psychology in treating Joe from his medical condition. Clinical psychology just as the name suggests refers to the integration of clinical knowledge, theory, and science to understand, prevent and relieve psychological based dysfunctions thereby promoting behavioral wellbeing of an individual. Joe requires the application of clinical psychology and the section will explain how and why. Joe suffers from major depression. This section will concentrate on explaining the causes of his condition two of which are his genes and environment. Joe loses both his job and family. The two are serious occurrences that depress him. His family history further aggravates his situation. The section will, therefore, show how the two cause his unique condition. Integration in clinical psychology refers to the incorporation of various therapeutic approaches including gender, spiritual, cultural and sexual orientations in a case. The section will discuss integration among other hypotheses that would enhance the effectiveness of Joe’s treatment. Cognitive behavior therapy offers appropriate remedies that can help manage Joe’s situation. The section discusses the application of the therapy in the treatment of Joe. The therapy relies on the theory that claims that emotions, cognition, and behaviors have a relation and interact in most situations. The therapy, therefore, strives to treat all the factors thereby providing a holistic treatment to the patient. The section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the trend. Advantages of cognitive behavior therapy include the fact that it is holistic. However, the approach may evoke emotions thereby hinder the patient’s cooperation. Additionally, the method is time-consuming. This section discusses the two among many others thereby developing a systematic understanding of the case. To build a rapport with Joe, I will approach him respectfully with the view to winning

Legal Memo Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Memo - Thesis Proposal Example In Blair v. Tynes, 610 So.2d 956, 960 (La.Ct.App. 1st Cir.1992), it was held by the court that people who suffered psychological distress on account of the failure of the enforcement authorities, to uphold law and order, could claim damages for serious mental distress. The tort of severe emotional distress, aims to provide recoverable damages for those who have undergone mental anguish, grief or fright due to the acts of another person. The factors necessary to establish this tort are ambiguous, which explains the divergent court decisions. As such, this tort attempts to ensure that the members of a civilized society are not exposed to behavior that is emotionally distressing and outrageous. To claim damages under La. C. C. art 2315.6, for intentional infliction of emotional distress, the plaintiff has to prove that she had suffered a traumatic injury that resulted in mental distress. For the purposes of this tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress, the conduct should be so extreme and outrageous that all possible limits of decency are crossed. In addition, such conduct should be atrocious and absolutely intolerable in any civilized society. In Donnie Norred and Wife, Shirley Norred and Arlen J. Guidry and Wife, Linda J. Guidry v. Radisson Hotel Corporation and Radisson Hotels International, Inc., 95 0748 (La.App. 1 Cir. 12/15/95); 665 So. 2d 753, a wife claimed damages against a hotel, where her husband had been robbed. Her claim was for emotional distress caused by the incident. The court held that she could not claim such damages, as she could not establish that she had undergone genuine and serious emotional distress. As such, she had not been present during the robbery. In Estate of Rayo Lejeune v. Rayne Branch Hospital., 88-890 (La. App. 3 Cir. 2/10/89); 539 So. 2d 849, a wife claimed damages for the mental anguish caused to her, when she saw her comatose husband covered with rat bites in the hospital. Supreme Court

Religious Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Religious Identity - Essay Example Religious identity thus refers to â€Å"a people’s ways of relating to their religion, including their association with a certain religious community, the strength of their belief in the preferred religion, and their ways of demonstrating those beliefs in their day to day lives.† It can be equated to membership to a religious grouping or community, this being regardless of the person’s religious activity or participation. It may be referred to as a specific type of Identity formation focusing mainly on group membership and the importance of the membership as pertaining to self-conception of the individual. Similar to either cultural or ethnic identities, the religious context provides generally a perception from which to view the world, a set of principles of guiding one’s lifestyle and the myriad of opportunities available of socialization with different people, generational differences regarded. As a whole, religious identity is affected by factors such as a person’s gender, generational status and ethnicity.... Religion is intricately intertwined with various aspects in the socio-cultural arena, that the above three factors are always present in the shaping of an individual’s religious identity. Ethnic differences; according to the Social Identity Theory, emerge when individuals of ethnic minority groups feel threatened in terms of identity, thus reasons for their emphasis on their social identities as a means of maintaining positive self-conception. Gender differences may impact on one’s religious identity; this being exemplified through the characteristic participation of the female gender in religious activities and in their expression of religion as being an important aspect of their lives, this being in relation to their male counterparts (Bryan Chosley Shepherd; The University of Texas at Austin. Sociology 32). Generational differences, categorized as either being first, second and third, where the first and second-generation individuals may have higher levels of religio us identity as compared to their third generation counterparts. Immigrants, in efforts of readjustments to the often-stressful changes associated with immigration, highly seek an environment provided by a place of worship that encompasses a community of emotional, financial and social support. Focus is placed on the stages of Adolescence and early Adulthood since adolescence is a developmental period that is crucial to an individual’s identity development. At this stage, there are various opportunities for the exploration of the ethnic, cultural and religious traditions present in the individual’s society, but within constraints erected by their parents or guardians. Influences can be both internal and external; depending on extent/exposure of socialization

Emphasize the importance of vision

Emphasize the importance of vision 1. Introduction This critique report explores the article ‘Understanding the role of vision in project success by Dale Christenson and Derek H.T. Walker. The sole purpose of this article was to emphasize the importance of ‘vision in project success as it states â€Å"this paper focuses on an examination of the impact of the leadership construct of project vision on expected project outcomes†. This article is interesting as it focuses on project vision being the key to creating successful project outcomes by understanding that development, communication and maintenance are important when considering stakeholder management. This article contained the four characteristics of vision and a total of four case studies, comparing and contrasting with one another, however only two have been looked at in this report. The article had gathered information from past project experiences which helped its argument that vision is in fact critical in project success. The main points discussed in th is report will be the definition and role of vision in project management, analysis of the case studies and strengths and weaknesses of vision. 2. Terms of Reference Requested was a critique report on a chosen article. This report will be exploring the article â€Å"Understanding the role of vision in project success† and investigating its strengths and weaknesses. This report is due on Monday 22 March 2010. 3. Findings 3.1 Definition of Vision Having read this article, I have concluded that vision is a strong means of clarification and communication that surround a team within a project by an appointed central project manager whom inspires a vision of the projects requirements and how they will positively influence the project. The definition described in the article however was as Bennis and Nanus (1987, p. 82) explain, â€Å"The concept of vision becomes one of a tool or means to engender passion and meaning to a project to meet the envisioned end manifestation.† A project vision can also be an object that defines the projects foundation. 3.2 Analytical summary 3.2.1 The Importance of Vision There are many factors that, when put together guarantee project success. However, this article focuses on the role of vision as a critical achievement factor in project success. â€Å"The type of project influences the way that a project vision may develop, no matter the situation regarding goal definition, vision has an impact on the possibilities for developing a project vision.† A vision is linked to the end benefits and should be understood at the beginning of the project, but with â€Å"foreknowledge that both the vision and end benefits are likely to change and evolve throughout the project lifecycle†. â€Å"It is important to discuss the basis of change management because projects are about instigating a process or product change.† â€Å"Vision clearly seeks to convince its audience that change is worthwhile and bestows benefits. A project vision concept, summarized within a vision statement, often seeks to motivate and inspire team members and other stakeholders to positively participate and shed negative behaviors.† Stretch goals are encouraged within this article such as BHAG which stands for big hairy audacious goal. Stretch goals are needed to â€Å"provide a framework for progressing towards the envisioned future† and to improve the overall system. A successful project must have both an appropriate relationship structure and the individual leaders must have the leadership skills and abilities and personal motivation to make it work. 3.2.2 Communication in Vision In project management the â€Å"projects require a strong cohesive team focus on the desired project outcomes† and â€Å"it is important for project teams to have a common and shared idea of what difference they are trying to make as a result of the project† I agree with these two statements as for a project to succeed, you need to both co-operate and except others viewpoints, so that if there are contrasting ideas you may look from each others perspective and come to a resolution without interfering with the project. This article stated that communication is a key factor in project success and coheres with vision as it states that â€Å"Creating an effective project vision requires excellent communication skills and a deep understanding of both organizational culture and the history and trigger mechanisms that create underlying assumptions of individuals and groups comprising project teams.† It is also suggested that team building exercises help create vision fo r the team, as it indicates that those who are team orientated people will stick around and cohere with the group and the â€Å"problematic† people will often walk away. Leaders use vision-making and vision-communicating as their tools to achieve strategic goals. A vision statement may become an artifact, a document describing project goals and aspiration. 3.2.3 Stakeholders in Vision Attention is focused on stakeholder analysis and project leader behavior in the promotion and adoption of project vision.â€Å"Identifying the need to conduct a stakeholder analysis, alert the central project manager as to the motivation of some project participants and create a better opportunity to better manage the risks that these stakeholders presented to the project.† This vision can be built by exploring questions and ideas with both stakeholders and project team members. â€Å"A clear understanding is needed of stakeholder goals and their aspirations for the project.† Identification of three stakeholders, internal, external and customers, meeting stakeholder requirements, is of key importance. â€Å"Vision must be continually ingrained in the minds of project teams and active stakeholders; often the focus is on the business requirements and technical specifications of the system.† 3.2.4 The four characteristics of Vision The four characteristics of vision are seen as a ‘must to ensure that vision operates to its full effectiveness, all strongly advise clear and positive communication, emphasis on goals, objectives and the importance of stakeholder input within a project. It must be understood: it must capture the core purpose, preferred future state and essence of project objectives It must be motivational: it must make a convincing case for following the project vision concept that can be internalized by project stakeholders and that provides a compelling value proposition. It must be credible: It must be consistent with stakeholder cultures to appeal at the assumptions and values level so that the vision statement artifact resonates with them It must be demanding and challenging: It should be proactive to facilitate teams to work smarter and more effectively, perhaps identifying stretch goals. 3.3 Analysis of the JIMS and Global Knowledge case studies Four case studies were described in this article, however I will only be exploring the downfalls of one and the positive aspects of the other as I found the JIMS case study contained many weaknesses and the Matsushita consisted of strengths. 3.3.1 A brief overview of the JIMS project The JIMS project which stands for Joint information management system had a life of ten years, however, evolved from a loose group of individuals into a project management structure with a good sense of vision. The stakeholders required separate meetings to discuss business requirements and were assigned someone each without formal training â€Å"Their authority was uncertain within their respective agencies and dubious within the context of the project management structure† there was an assumption that this would help them gain experience and learn, however resulted in greater stress. The article states that â€Å"a successful project must have both an appropriate leadership structure and the individual leaders must have the leadership skills, abilities and the motivation to make it work† Although the vision was apparently understood, business requirements were identified and signed, design specifications approved and proof of concept modules displayed, front end core agencies participating in the system still had the opinion to walk away from the project if they didnt like it. â€Å"Thus at the point of inflection, both motivational and inspirational characteristics were revived and the vision became credible once again.† the project vision with this change came greater decision making, problem solving and a better positioning of stakeholders through understanding the role of vision in project success. 3.3.2 Weaknesses within the project Leadership structure did not stay consistent as it evolved from being structured to a maintaining a more flexible approach. The contract was not binding to both the team members and stakeholders giving them the option to abort at any chosen time with no mechanism to preserve their continued participation. Stakeholders were allowed too much input into the project with contrasting ideas and personal reflections of â€Å"their individual agency or department interests† getting in the way. There was lack of executive sponsorship, due to costs. Lack of sponsorship is seen as a number one way to set projects out to fail. Leadership of the central project manager was driven by technology and resource concerns. 3.3.3 A brief scenario of the global knowledge project The Global knowledge project, known as ‘Vision 21 had senior level personals from a successful project team The Novo Nordisk visited their business units and discussed standard approaches, the importance of communication and their best practices. ‘The Novo Nordisk personals acted as models for the Vision 21 team, thus producing vision and positivity for the business unit to successfully complete their project. 3.3.4 Strengths within the project Emphasis on the importance of vision and bringing past successful personal to encourage and motivate the business unit. Teamwork is shown and stakeholders are questioned, but not have the power to influence the project. 3.3.5 Case study analysis Extreme problems had to be encountered first for the JIMS team to get together and come up with a strategy to better their project so it did not fail completely. The project lacked in management experience and knowledge, thus proved to be a big learning curve for the development team. However, I believe from this case study, sometimes in order to learn, mistakes need to be made, to better further them for the next project. The JIMS team would have benefited if vision was used better within their project, they would have worked better as a team, reduced risks and would have experienced less problems with stakeholders both internally and externally. The Global knowledge project proved successful through bringing in experienced personal to give insight on how they achieved sanction and motivating the Vision 21 team to follow their footsteps and create a vision for their project. I believe this was a good idea as it gives knowledge and insight into the ways of creating a successful project, this would have benefited the JIMS team as they lacked in experience and knowledge. 4. Conclusion To conclude, project vision is viewed as a critical success factor in projects, it determines the final outcome of the projects and gives the project team some motivation and structure which leads to efficiency, better team co-operation and project accomplishment. Explored have been the four characteristics, which convey vision as a whole, they need to be considered for vision to produce its full capability. I have analyzed two case studies, one of a successful outcome and another that experiences problems but solved them in the end. I believe that vision is an important aspect of project success through reading this article, not only have the case studies proved it, but it also makes sense to consult your stakeholders on a regular basis, rather than just focusing on the business requirements. It is important that both the team itself and the stakeholders are informed of any changes to the requirements and are kept up to date with all that is happening. I feel that it is also important for good team communication and goal setting when doing a project, it creates an optimistic vision of what the project has to achieve and how it can make an important impact. All the information in this article was useful and displayed clearly and helped me gain a better understanding of factors that underlie project success. 5. Reference Christenson, D., Walker,D. (n.d). Understanding the role of vision in project success. Project management Journal, 39-52. Retrieved March 1 2010.

War: From World War II to 2002 Essay -- essays research papers fc

War: From World War II to 2002 The end of World War II was the spawn of a new war that would continue for over fifty years: The Cold War. Technically this war was not a fifty-year physical confrontation between two countries but more of a political confrontation between the world’s two remaining super-powers. The dropping of the atomic bomb in 1945 on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the beginning of a new arsenal that would lead to the development of nuclear weapons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Japan and Germany were defeated in World War II, a solutions to prevent the future event of a third world war were taken by the establishment of the United Nations to outlaw all private wars. Another right of the United Nations was to punish those villains that were guilty of war crimes against humanity. The problem with this type of procedure is that the winners of a combat situation, whether right or wrong, are the ones that get to decide who is on the wrong side of the law and who is not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atom bomb, which was mentioned earlier as the â€Å"problem solver† of World War II, would prove to lead to a larger dilemma. Prior to the atomic bomb and later the hydrogen bomb, it was thought that any weapon could be defended against. The problem with the communist countries of Russia was their doctrine of totalitarianism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main focus of the time was building an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), and the only countries with the resources were Russia and the United States. Russia shocked the world with the launch of Sputnik in 1957 followed by the first orbital flight around the world. It appeared that the Soviets were going to beat the Americans in the â€Å"Space Race† and reap all of the benefits from it as well: Reconnaissance, surveillance, communication, and delivery platforms for weapons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Russian’s philosophy was built on the teachings of Clausewitz in that they maintained that war was a political means, peace was only a step towards war, and that conflict is inevitable. The Soviet Union was in no hurry to attack any country, but the state did engage in other types of warfare, such as political, economical, and psychological. The United States formed the Counter-Intelligence Agency as a means to resist the communist state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rest of the ... ...ed force was put together as a show of more than just observers. Forces were only dispatched if the host country approved them, and although they were authorized to carry arms there were strict rules that had to be followed. The UNEF could only use the weapons for self-defense, force could not be used to carry out their mission of observation, and they were not allowed to interfere with the countries administration. The UNEF would be expected to govern all of the United Nations actions after it’s establishment and for the most part has done so. Although the United Nation’s peacekeeping methods have not ended all threats to every country on the global front, the methods are a step in the right direction to a solution that provides every land with a peaceful resolution. WORKS CITED Brodie, Bernard and Fawn. From Crossbow to H-Bomb. (Bloomington, Indiana:Indiana University, 1973). Chap 9-11 Keegan, John. Mask of Command. (New York, New York: Viking Penguin, 1988). Conclusion Preston, Richard A., Alex Roland, and Sydney F. Wise. Men In Arms: A History of Warfare and its interrelationships With Western Society. (Belmont, California:Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning, 2001). Chap 19-22